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What is Cystoscopy?
Cystoscopy or "cystourethroscopy" is a common procedure that allows your doctor to see inside of the urethra and the bladder using a small, lighted telescope-like instrument called a cystoscope. A cystoscope can be flexible (Figure 1) or rigid (Figure 2). A cystoscopy takes about 5 minutes. However, preparation may take an additional 10-15 minutes.
What is Cystoscopy Used For?
Cystoscopy is commonly used for the diagnosis of abnormalities in the urethra and bladder that may not be seen well on an X-Ray, CT (computer tomography), or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). For example, small, flat bladder abnormalities such as the one shown in figure 3. Cystoscopy can be used to diagnose bladder tumors, bladder stones, and to check for causes of blood in the urine (also known as hematuria), persistent bladder infection, severe urinary obstruction, and urinary incontinence. Cystoscopy is also used in minor procedures such as the removal of ureteral stents (Figure 4), small bladder stones, or in conjunction with small surgical instruments for the removal of small growths in the bladder.
Preparation for Cystoscopy
Prior to your cystoscopy, you should let your doctor know if you are taking any blood thinning medications, have any allergies to any medications, or if you are pregnant.
Cystoscopy is normally performed in the physician's office or as an out patient procedure in the hospital under local anesthesia. You can eat and drink as usual both prior and after the procedure. You may also drive yourself home after your cystoscopy. Immediately prior to the procedure, your doctor may ask you to go to the bathroom to empty your bladder. This is to help your doctor see the inside of the bladder more clearly.
​ For the special circumstances when the cystoscopy is done under intravenous sedation (IV) or general anesthesia, it is recommended that you not eat or drink anything for at least 8 hours prior to your procedure. For these special circumstances, you should arrange for someone to drive you home.
What to Expect During Your Cystoscopy
You will be asked to undress from the waist down and lie on a table. An antiseptic solution will be used to cleanse the genital area. A drape will be applied. A numbing medication or jelly will be gently instilled (without a needle) into your urethra. A cystoscope is then inserted through the urethra into your bladder. Sterile water or saline is instilled into your bladder via the cystoscope. As your bladder is filled with the water, your doctor will be able to view the details inside your bladder. The viewing process usually takes a few minutes. The cystoscope is then removed.
After Your Cystoscopy
Your urethra may be sore and you may feel a burning sensation upon urination for up to 48 hours. Notify your doctor if the burning persists for more than 48 hours, if you have a fever, or have bright red urine.